One of the most dramatic developments in science in the last
decade is the study of our Universe. This is due to the very sophisticated
observations with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) since 1990. The Universe
shows new features that could not have been foreseen or predicted before.
Also, the measured cosmological parameters are accurate enough to permit
comparison with theory. Thus, for example, the Universe is expanding with
acceleration rather than slowing down due to gravity as had previously been
believed. The reason for this acceleration is believed to be due to
(vacuum) dark energy which constitutes about two thirds (72%) of the total
energy of the Universe. The other one third of the Universe’s
energy is due to seen baryonic matter (4%) and unseen (dark) matter (22%). The Carmeli model
predicted the acceleration 2 years before the discovery and has yields a
universe without dark matter or dark energy. The new theory is consistent
with the locally measured 4% baryonic matter. The new cosmology is
constructed as an analogue to Einstein’s Special
Relativity, by exchanging c → τ and t → v. This result in spacevelocity in 4D or spacetimevelocity
in 5D. Carmeli Cosmology: The
universe can be explained without Dark Matter
(click on highlighted text
for paper)
The accelerating
expansion of the cosmos was predicted by Carmeli [1] two years before the publication in 1998 [2] established the fact. This paper shows that by using the
phase-space equation from the Carmeli
cosmology there is no need to assume the existence of any dark matter to
explain the accelerating universe. This paper applies the theory to
the data of the high redshift type Ia
supernova teams and this one
introduces the correct form of the luminosity distance and applies a corrected
density model. No dark matter is needed and no dark energy either. The correct
metric (physics) incorporates what we call ‘vacuum energy’ but it is not
explicit in the metric. This paper
extends the range of the cosmology to extremely high redshifts
and uses GRBs as a test to about z = 7. It also
provides an explanation why we live in a Universe that is spatially flat—Euclidean!
See press release.
Carmeli showed in 1998 that from his new cosmological metric
a Tully-Fisher type relation could be derived. The theory has now been applied
to actual spiral galaxy
rotation curves and it was discovered that their must exist two
acceleration regimes. This is similar to the idea in MOND[3-5]. In this theory if the acceleration is greater than
some critical value the Newtonian force law applies, but below this value a Carmelian regime is operative. It was also found the theory
works for spheroidal
and elliptical galaxies.
The Carmeli model describes
a spherically symmetric isotropic but not necessarily homogeneous universe. It
has been also shown that
the data of the high redshift type Ia
supernova teams is consistent with a universe that is a finite bounded
expanding white hole with the Galaxy at the center.
A new paper
looks at the properties of gravitational waves in Carmeli’s
Cosmological General Relativity and found that where the density between
galaxies is less than the critical value (about 10-29 g/cm3)
gravity waves won’t propagate. Instead they are evanescent and we conjecture
are absorbed into the vacuum as heat.
Recommended books are Cosmological Special
Relativity 2nd Ed. 2002 and Cosmological Relativity
2006.
References
[1] M. Carmeli, "Cosmological
General Relativity," Commun. Theor. Phys., vol. 5, pp. 159, 1996.
[2] A.
G. Riess, A. V. Filippenko,
P. Challis, A. Clocchiatti, and A. Diercks, "Observational evidence from supernovae for
an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant," Astron. J., vol. 116, pp. 1009-1038,
1998.
[3] M. Milgrom, "A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis," Ap J, vol. 270, pp. 365-370, 1983.
[4] M. Milgrom, "A modification of the Newtonian dynamics - Implications for galaxies," Ap J, vol. 270, pp. 371-383, 1983.
[5] M. Milgrom, "A Modification of the Newtonian Dynamics - Implications for Galaxy Systems," Ap J, vol. 270, pp. 384-389, 1983.